/文件
ReportontheImplementationofthe2021PlanForNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment
Andonthe2022DraftPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment(I)
关于2021年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2022年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告（上）
DeliveredattheFifthSessionofthe13thNationalPeople’sCongress
——在第十三届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上
NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission
国家发展和改革委员会
March5,20222022年3月5日
EsteemedDeputies,TheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionhasbeenen-
trustedbytheStateCounciltodeliverthisreportontheimplementationofthe2021planandonthe2022draftplanfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmenttotheFifthSessionofthe13thNationalPeople’sCongress(NPC)foritsdeliberationandapproval.TheCommissionalsomentsfrommembersoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC).
I.Implementationofthe2021PlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment Theyear2021wasamilestoneinthehistoryofboththeCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andourcountry,anditisayearthatwillberememberedbyhistory.OurcountryheldagrandcelebrationofthecentenaryoftheCPC,wonthecriticalbattleagainstpovertyonschedule,officiallydeclaredessinachievingthefirstcentenarygoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,andembarkedonthenewjourneytowardthesecondcentenarygoalofbuildingChinaintoamodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.AttheSixthPlenarySessionofthe19thCPCCentralCommittee,ourPartyrevieweditsmajorachievementsandhistoricalexperienceoverthepastcenturyandadoptedthethirdhistoricalresolutioninits100-year-longhistory. UnderthefirmleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommitteewithComradeXiJinpingatitscore,allregionsanddepartmentsconsistentlyfollowedtheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonSocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsforaNewEra,thoroughlyimplementedtheguidingprinciplesfromthe19thCPCNationalCongressandtheplenarysessionsofthe19thCPCCentralCommittee,andcarriedforwardthegreatfoundingspiritoftheParty.InordancewiththedecisionsandplansoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,wefaithfullyimplementedtheReportontheWorkoftheGovernment,the 各位代表：受国务院委托，现将2021年国民经济和社会 发展计划执行情况与2022年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十三届全国人大五次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
一、2021年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况 2021年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年，也必将是载入史册的一年。
我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，如期打赢脱贫攻坚战，正式宣布全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程。
我们召开党的十九届六中全会，总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，通过百年党史上第三个历史决议。
在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，按照 BEIJINGREVIEWNO.19MAY12,2022
1 DOCUMENT/文件 Outlineofthe14thFive-YearPlanforEconomicandSocialDevelopment(2021-2025)andLong-RangeObjectivesthroughtheYear2035,andthe2021PlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment,whichwereapprovedattheFourthSessionofthe13thNPC,andweadoptedtheNPCFinancialandEconomicAffairsCommittee’ssuggestionsbasedonitsreviewofthe2021Plan. Weappliedthenewdevelopmentphilosophyinfull,intherightway,andinallfieldsofendeavor,tooksolidstepstoensurestabilityonthesixkeyfrontsandsecurityinthesixkeyareas,[Thesixfrontsrefertoemployment,thefinancialsector,foreigntrade,foreigninvestment,domesticinvestment,andexpectations.Thesixareasrefertojobsecurity,basiclivingneeds,operationsofmarketentities,foodandenergysecurity,stableindustrialandsupplychains,andthenormalfunctioningofprimary-levelgovernments.]andmadecross-andcounter-cyclicaladjustmentswithmacropolicy.Intheseways,weeffectivelydealtwithallrisksandchallengesthatarose,tookfreshstridestowardinganewpatternofdevelopment,andmadenewachievementsinhigh-qualitygrowth.WecoordinatedourCOVID-19responsewitheconomicandsocialdevelopment,plishedourmaintargetsandtasksfortheyear,gotthe14thFive-YearPlanofftoagoodstart,andonceagainsecurednewandmajorachievementsinourcountry’sdevelopment.
1.WestrengthenedourguardagainstinboundcasesanddomesticresurgencesandconductedroutineCOVID-19preventionandcontrolinanorderlyandeffectivemanner. Puttingthepeopleandhumanlifeaboveallelse,weadheredtotargetedmeasuresalongallstepsofepidemicpreventionandcontrolandupheldthe“dynamiczero-case”policy,thusmaintainingChina’sworld-leadingpositioninCOVID-19control. 1)Targeted,effective,anddifferentiatedresponsemeasureswereappliedordingtolocalconditions. Withstrictresponsemeasuresforpeople,goods,andenvironments,westrengthenedourpublichealthcapacityforepidemicprevention,control,andtreatment,curbedthespreadofCOVID-19throughpointsofentrytothegreatestextentpossible,andhandledlocaloutbreaksinatimelyandeffectivemanner.Multiplemeasureswereadoptedtopromoteproduction,increasesupply,strengthenmonitoring,andfacilitatelogisticstoensureabundantsupplyandstablepricesofdailynecessitiesinepidemic-affectedregions,thussafeguardingpeople’ssafetyandhealthandmaintainingnormalorderinworkandlife. 2)inationsandpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentweresteadilypromoted. WemadeeveryefforttoguaranteetheproductionandsupplyofCOVID-19inesandtomakethemmoreadaptabletodifferentvariants,withtotalnationalproductionsurpassing5billiondosesbytheendof2021.Weinatedourpeopleinstagesordingtoageandregion,withatotalof2.84billiondosesadministeredandover1.2billionpeople,orover85%ofthepopulation,fullyinated.ThefirstmedicationfortreatingCOVID-19developedbyourcountrywasapprovedformarketlaunch. 3)Remarkableprogresswasmadeininternationalcooperationtofightthepandemic. Weactivelysharedoursamples,data,andresponsemeasuresrelatedtoCOVID-19.Withover2billiondosessenttomorethan120countriesandanizationsin2021,Chinabecametheworld’slargestinternationalproviderofCOVID-19ines.WeparticipatedinandsupportedCOVAXandimprovedineessibilityandaffordabilityindevelopingcountries,wherethemajorityofCOVID-19inesacquiredsofarefromChina. 党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十三届全国人大四次会议审议批准的《政府工作报告》和审查批准的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》、2021年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，扎实做好“六稳”、“六保”工作，注重宏观政策跨周期和逆周期调节，有效应对多种风险挑战，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，全年主要目标任务较好完成，“十四五”实现良好开局，我国发展又取得新的重大成就。
（一）强化外防输入内防反弹，常态化疫情防控有力有序。
坚持人民至上、生命至上，坚持全链条精准防控“动态清零”，保持全球疫情防控优势地位。
一是分区分级防控举措精准高效。
严格落实人、物、环境同防措施，加强公共卫生防控救治能力建设，最大限度遏制疫情通过口岸传播，及时有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，多措并举抓生产、增供应、强监测、畅物流，着力保障涉疫地区生活必需品供应充足、价格平稳，保障了人民生命安全和身体健康，维护了正常生产生活秩序。
二是疫苗接种和药物研发稳步推进。
全力保障疫苗生产供应，截至2021年底，全国累计生产疫苗超过50亿剂，提升疫苗对变异毒株的适应性，分地区、分年龄段推进疫苗接种，累计报告接种新冠疫苗28.4亿剂次，完成全程接种人数超过12亿人，全程接种覆盖率超过85%。
我国首个抗新冠病毒特效药获批上市。
三是抗疫国际合作成效突出。
积极开展共享样本、共享数据、共享应对措施等。
2021年，我国已向120多个国家和国际组织提供了超过20亿剂疫苗，成为世界对外提供新冠肺炎疫苗最多的国家。
参与并支持新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划，提高疫苗在发展中国家的可及性和可负担性，发展中
2 北京周报第19期2022年5月12日
2.Weimprovedandmadeinnovationsinmacroregulationandreinforcedthefundamentalsoftheeconomy. Wespeduptheestablishmentofanewdevelopmentpattern,strengthenedcross-cyclicalmacropolicyadjustment,ensuredsupplyandpricestability,andmadegreatereffortstoeasethedifficultiesofenterprises.Wesimultaneouslyachievedrelativelyhigheconomicgrowthandlowinflation,andoureconomymaintainedfairlystrongpositioningforgrowth. 1)Chinacontinuedtoleadmajoreconomiesintermsofeconomicgrowth. PreliminaryassessmentsindicatethatChina’sGDPreached114.37trillionyuanin2021foryear-on-yeargrowthof8.1%.Chinaremainedamajorcontributortoglobaleconomicrecoveryandgrowth,anditsshareintheworldeconomycontinuedtoincrease.China’spercapitaGDPsurpassed12,000USdollars,exceedingtheglobalaverage.Atotalof12.69millionurbanjobswerecreatednationwideandtheaverageyear-endsurveyedurbanunemploymentratewas5.1%.Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)roseby0.9%.Abasicequilibriumwasmaintainedwithregardtothebalanceofpayments,andyear-endforeignexchangereservesremainedatover3.2trillionUSdollars. 2)Ourmacropolicywasconsistentandtargeted.Weadaptedourmacropolicywhencross-cyclicaladjustmentwasneededandsustainedthelevelofsupportnecessaryforeconomicrecovery.Wealsotookintoounttheneedtoleaveamplepolicyspaceformeetingdifficultiesandchallengesthisyear.Weenhancedthequality,efficacy,andsustainabilityofourproactivefiscalpolicy.Wemaintainedthescaleofnecessarygovernmentexpenditures,improvedtheissuance,use,andmanagementoflocalgovernmentspecial-purposebonds,andmadeitanormalpracticetodirectlyallocatebudgetaryfundstoprefecture-andcounty-levelgovernments,allocating2.8trillionyuanincentralgovernmentfundsunderthismechanism.Thesestepsallowedustoprovidetimelyfinancialsupporttoguaranteelocalgovernments’abilitytomeetbasiclivingneeds,paysalaries,andmaintainnormalgovernmentfunctions.Throughtaxandfeecuts,wereducedmarketentities’burdensbymorethan1trillionyuanovertheyear.Taxpaymentswerepostponedformicro,small,andmediumenterprises(MSMEs)inthemanufacturingsectoraswellasforcoal-firedpowerplantsandheating-supplyenterprises.Wemaintainedaflexible,precise,andappropriatearypolicy.Weflexiblyleveragedvariouspolicyinstruments,suchasreducingthedepositreserveratio,relending,andre-discounting,andweloweredtherequiredreserveratiotwice,maintainingproperandadequateliquidity.M2moneysupplyandaggregatefinancingincreasedby9%and10.3%respectively.Weprovidedgreatersupporttotherealeconomy,keysectors,andareasofweaknessandsawasteadydropinoverallbusinessfinancingcosts.NewRMBloansfortheyearreached19.95trillionyuan,315billionyuanmorethanin2020.Inclusivefinancelendingbymercialbankstomicroandsmallenterprises(MSEs)increasedbymorethan40%.Theaverageinterestrateonbusinessloanswas4.61%,0.1percentagepointslowerthaninthepreviousyear.Westeppeduptheimplementationofpoliciesonstabilizingandexpandingemployment,tooksolidmeasurestoensureemploymentforkeygroupslikecollegegraduates,andpromotedentrepreneurshipandinnovation.3)Strongandeffectivemeasuresweretakentoensurethesupplyandstablepricesoffood,energy,andotherimportantresources.Inresponsetoabnormalfluctuationsinthepricesofcorn,coal,ironore,copper,aluminum,zinc,andothermodities,wepromptlytookmeasuresincludingadjustmentstosupplyanddemand,coordinatedoversightoverspotmarketsandfuturesmarkets,andguid- DOCUMENT/文件 国家迄今获得的疫苗大多数来自我国。
（二）创新和完善宏观调控，经济基本盘进一步巩固。
加快构建新发展格局，加强宏观政策跨周期调节，做好保供稳价工作，加大助企纾困力度，实现了较高增长和较低通胀的优化组合，经济保持较好发展态势。
一是经济增速稳居主要经济体前列。
初步核算，2021年国内生产总值达到114.37万亿元，增长8.1%，是世界经济恢复发展的主要贡献国，占世界经济的比重进一步提升；人均国内生产总值超过1.2万美元，超过全球平均水平。
全国城镇新增就业1269万人，全国城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%，居民消费价格指数上涨0.9%，国际收支保持基本平衡，年末外汇储备规模保持在3.2万亿美元以上。
二是保持宏观政策连续性针对性。
宏观政策适应跨周期调节需要，保持对经济恢复必要支持力度，同时考虑为今年应对困难挑战预留政策空间。
积极的财政政策提质增效、更可持续。
保持必要的财政支出规模，地方政府专项债券发行使用管理进一步优化，建立常态化财政资金直达机制，将2.8万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达范围，及时为基层保基本民生、保工资、保运转提供财力支持。
全年新增减税降费为市场主体减负超过1万亿元。
对制造业中小微企业、煤电和供热企业实施阶段性缓缴税费。
货币政策灵活精准、合理适度，灵活运用降准、再贷款、再贴现等多种政策工具，两次全面降准，流动性保持合理充裕，广义货币供应量（M2）余额和社会融资规模存量分别增长9%和10.3%。
加大对实体经济、重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度，企业综合融资成本稳中有降，全年新增人民币贷款19.95万亿元，比上年多增3150亿元，大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增幅超过40%，企业贷款平均利率为4.61%，比上年下降0.1个百分点。
强化稳岗扩就业政策落实，扎实做好高校毕业生等重点群体就业工作，推进大众创业万众创新。
BEIJINGREVIEWNO.19MAY12,2022
3
I.Implementationofthe2021PlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment Theyear2021wasamilestoneinthehistoryofboththeCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andourcountry,anditisayearthatwillberememberedbyhistory.OurcountryheldagrandcelebrationofthecentenaryoftheCPC,wonthecriticalbattleagainstpovertyonschedule,officiallydeclaredessinachievingthefirstcentenarygoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,andembarkedonthenewjourneytowardthesecondcentenarygoalofbuildingChinaintoamodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.AttheSixthPlenarySessionofthe19thCPCCentralCommittee,ourPartyrevieweditsmajorachievementsandhistoricalexperienceoverthepastcenturyandadoptedthethirdhistoricalresolutioninits100-year-longhistory. UnderthefirmleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommitteewithComradeXiJinpingatitscore,allregionsanddepartmentsconsistentlyfollowedtheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonSocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsforaNewEra,thoroughlyimplementedtheguidingprinciplesfromthe19thCPCNationalCongressandtheplenarysessionsofthe19thCPCCentralCommittee,andcarriedforwardthegreatfoundingspiritoftheParty.InordancewiththedecisionsandplansoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,wefaithfullyimplementedtheReportontheWorkoftheGovernment,the 各位代表：受国务院委托，现将2021年国民经济和社会 发展计划执行情况与2022年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十三届全国人大五次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
一、2021年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况 2021年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年，也必将是载入史册的一年。
我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，如期打赢脱贫攻坚战，正式宣布全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程。
我们召开党的十九届六中全会，总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，通过百年党史上第三个历史决议。
在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，按照 BEIJINGREVIEWNO.19MAY12,2022
1 DOCUMENT/文件 Outlineofthe14thFive-YearPlanforEconomicandSocialDevelopment(2021-2025)andLong-RangeObjectivesthroughtheYear2035,andthe2021PlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment,whichwereapprovedattheFourthSessionofthe13thNPC,andweadoptedtheNPCFinancialandEconomicAffairsCommittee’ssuggestionsbasedonitsreviewofthe2021Plan. Weappliedthenewdevelopmentphilosophyinfull,intherightway,andinallfieldsofendeavor,tooksolidstepstoensurestabilityonthesixkeyfrontsandsecurityinthesixkeyareas,[Thesixfrontsrefertoemployment,thefinancialsector,foreigntrade,foreigninvestment,domesticinvestment,andexpectations.Thesixareasrefertojobsecurity,basiclivingneeds,operationsofmarketentities,foodandenergysecurity,stableindustrialandsupplychains,andthenormalfunctioningofprimary-levelgovernments.]andmadecross-andcounter-cyclicaladjustmentswithmacropolicy.Intheseways,weeffectivelydealtwithallrisksandchallengesthatarose,tookfreshstridestowardinganewpatternofdevelopment,andmadenewachievementsinhigh-qualitygrowth.WecoordinatedourCOVID-19responsewitheconomicandsocialdevelopment,plishedourmaintargetsandtasksfortheyear,gotthe14thFive-YearPlanofftoagoodstart,andonceagainsecurednewandmajorachievementsinourcountry’sdevelopment.
1.WestrengthenedourguardagainstinboundcasesanddomesticresurgencesandconductedroutineCOVID-19preventionandcontrolinanorderlyandeffectivemanner. Puttingthepeopleandhumanlifeaboveallelse,weadheredtotargetedmeasuresalongallstepsofepidemicpreventionandcontrolandupheldthe“dynamiczero-case”policy,thusmaintainingChina’sworld-leadingpositioninCOVID-19control. 1)Targeted,effective,anddifferentiatedresponsemeasureswereappliedordingtolocalconditions. Withstrictresponsemeasuresforpeople,goods,andenvironments,westrengthenedourpublichealthcapacityforepidemicprevention,control,andtreatment,curbedthespreadofCOVID-19throughpointsofentrytothegreatestextentpossible,andhandledlocaloutbreaksinatimelyandeffectivemanner.Multiplemeasureswereadoptedtopromoteproduction,increasesupply,strengthenmonitoring,andfacilitatelogisticstoensureabundantsupplyandstablepricesofdailynecessitiesinepidemic-affectedregions,thussafeguardingpeople’ssafetyandhealthandmaintainingnormalorderinworkandlife. 2)inationsandpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentweresteadilypromoted. WemadeeveryefforttoguaranteetheproductionandsupplyofCOVID-19inesandtomakethemmoreadaptabletodifferentvariants,withtotalnationalproductionsurpassing5billiondosesbytheendof2021.Weinatedourpeopleinstagesordingtoageandregion,withatotalof2.84billiondosesadministeredandover1.2billionpeople,orover85%ofthepopulation,fullyinated.ThefirstmedicationfortreatingCOVID-19developedbyourcountrywasapprovedformarketlaunch. 3)Remarkableprogresswasmadeininternationalcooperationtofightthepandemic. Weactivelysharedoursamples,data,andresponsemeasuresrelatedtoCOVID-19.Withover2billiondosessenttomorethan120countriesandanizationsin2021,Chinabecametheworld’slargestinternationalproviderofCOVID-19ines.WeparticipatedinandsupportedCOVAXandimprovedineessibilityandaffordabilityindevelopingcountries,wherethemajorityofCOVID-19inesacquiredsofarefromChina. 党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十三届全国人大四次会议审议批准的《政府工作报告》和审查批准的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》、2021年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，扎实做好“六稳”、“六保”工作，注重宏观政策跨周期和逆周期调节，有效应对多种风险挑战，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，全年主要目标任务较好完成，“十四五”实现良好开局，我国发展又取得新的重大成就。
（一）强化外防输入内防反弹，常态化疫情防控有力有序。
坚持人民至上、生命至上，坚持全链条精准防控“动态清零”，保持全球疫情防控优势地位。
一是分区分级防控举措精准高效。
严格落实人、物、环境同防措施，加强公共卫生防控救治能力建设，最大限度遏制疫情通过口岸传播，及时有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，多措并举抓生产、增供应、强监测、畅物流，着力保障涉疫地区生活必需品供应充足、价格平稳，保障了人民生命安全和身体健康，维护了正常生产生活秩序。
二是疫苗接种和药物研发稳步推进。
全力保障疫苗生产供应，截至2021年底，全国累计生产疫苗超过50亿剂，提升疫苗对变异毒株的适应性，分地区、分年龄段推进疫苗接种，累计报告接种新冠疫苗28.4亿剂次，完成全程接种人数超过12亿人，全程接种覆盖率超过85%。
我国首个抗新冠病毒特效药获批上市。
三是抗疫国际合作成效突出。
积极开展共享样本、共享数据、共享应对措施等。
2021年，我国已向120多个国家和国际组织提供了超过20亿剂疫苗，成为世界对外提供新冠肺炎疫苗最多的国家。
参与并支持新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划，提高疫苗在发展中国家的可及性和可负担性，发展中
2 北京周报第19期2022年5月12日
2.Weimprovedandmadeinnovationsinmacroregulationandreinforcedthefundamentalsoftheeconomy. Wespeduptheestablishmentofanewdevelopmentpattern,strengthenedcross-cyclicalmacropolicyadjustment,ensuredsupplyandpricestability,andmadegreatereffortstoeasethedifficultiesofenterprises.Wesimultaneouslyachievedrelativelyhigheconomicgrowthandlowinflation,andoureconomymaintainedfairlystrongpositioningforgrowth. 1)Chinacontinuedtoleadmajoreconomiesintermsofeconomicgrowth. PreliminaryassessmentsindicatethatChina’sGDPreached114.37trillionyuanin2021foryear-on-yeargrowthof8.1%.Chinaremainedamajorcontributortoglobaleconomicrecoveryandgrowth,anditsshareintheworldeconomycontinuedtoincrease.China’spercapitaGDPsurpassed12,000USdollars,exceedingtheglobalaverage.Atotalof12.69millionurbanjobswerecreatednationwideandtheaverageyear-endsurveyedurbanunemploymentratewas5.1%.Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)roseby0.9%.Abasicequilibriumwasmaintainedwithregardtothebalanceofpayments,andyear-endforeignexchangereservesremainedatover3.2trillionUSdollars. 2)Ourmacropolicywasconsistentandtargeted.Weadaptedourmacropolicywhencross-cyclicaladjustmentwasneededandsustainedthelevelofsupportnecessaryforeconomicrecovery.Wealsotookintoounttheneedtoleaveamplepolicyspaceformeetingdifficultiesandchallengesthisyear.Weenhancedthequality,efficacy,andsustainabilityofourproactivefiscalpolicy.Wemaintainedthescaleofnecessarygovernmentexpenditures,improvedtheissuance,use,andmanagementoflocalgovernmentspecial-purposebonds,andmadeitanormalpracticetodirectlyallocatebudgetaryfundstoprefecture-andcounty-levelgovernments,allocating2.8trillionyuanincentralgovernmentfundsunderthismechanism.Thesestepsallowedustoprovidetimelyfinancialsupporttoguaranteelocalgovernments’abilitytomeetbasiclivingneeds,paysalaries,andmaintainnormalgovernmentfunctions.Throughtaxandfeecuts,wereducedmarketentities’burdensbymorethan1trillionyuanovertheyear.Taxpaymentswerepostponedformicro,small,andmediumenterprises(MSMEs)inthemanufacturingsectoraswellasforcoal-firedpowerplantsandheating-supplyenterprises.Wemaintainedaflexible,precise,andappropriatearypolicy.Weflexiblyleveragedvariouspolicyinstruments,suchasreducingthedepositreserveratio,relending,andre-discounting,andweloweredtherequiredreserveratiotwice,maintainingproperandadequateliquidity.M2moneysupplyandaggregatefinancingincreasedby9%and10.3%respectively.Weprovidedgreatersupporttotherealeconomy,keysectors,andareasofweaknessandsawasteadydropinoverallbusinessfinancingcosts.NewRMBloansfortheyearreached19.95trillionyuan,315billionyuanmorethanin2020.Inclusivefinancelendingbymercialbankstomicroandsmallenterprises(MSEs)increasedbymorethan40%.Theaverageinterestrateonbusinessloanswas4.61%,0.1percentagepointslowerthaninthepreviousyear.Westeppeduptheimplementationofpoliciesonstabilizingandexpandingemployment,tooksolidmeasurestoensureemploymentforkeygroupslikecollegegraduates,andpromotedentrepreneurshipandinnovation.3)Strongandeffectivemeasuresweretakentoensurethesupplyandstablepricesoffood,energy,andotherimportantresources.Inresponsetoabnormalfluctuationsinthepricesofcorn,coal,ironore,copper,aluminum,zinc,andothermodities,wepromptlytookmeasuresincludingadjustmentstosupplyanddemand,coordinatedoversightoverspotmarketsandfuturesmarkets,andguid- DOCUMENT/文件 国家迄今获得的疫苗大多数来自我国。
（二）创新和完善宏观调控，经济基本盘进一步巩固。
加快构建新发展格局，加强宏观政策跨周期调节，做好保供稳价工作，加大助企纾困力度，实现了较高增长和较低通胀的优化组合，经济保持较好发展态势。
一是经济增速稳居主要经济体前列。
初步核算，2021年国内生产总值达到114.37万亿元，增长8.1%，是世界经济恢复发展的主要贡献国，占世界经济的比重进一步提升；人均国内生产总值超过1.2万美元，超过全球平均水平。
全国城镇新增就业1269万人，全国城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%，居民消费价格指数上涨0.9%，国际收支保持基本平衡，年末外汇储备规模保持在3.2万亿美元以上。
二是保持宏观政策连续性针对性。
宏观政策适应跨周期调节需要，保持对经济恢复必要支持力度，同时考虑为今年应对困难挑战预留政策空间。
积极的财政政策提质增效、更可持续。
保持必要的财政支出规模，地方政府专项债券发行使用管理进一步优化，建立常态化财政资金直达机制，将2.8万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达范围，及时为基层保基本民生、保工资、保运转提供财力支持。
全年新增减税降费为市场主体减负超过1万亿元。
对制造业中小微企业、煤电和供热企业实施阶段性缓缴税费。
货币政策灵活精准、合理适度，灵活运用降准、再贷款、再贴现等多种政策工具，两次全面降准，流动性保持合理充裕，广义货币供应量（M2）余额和社会融资规模存量分别增长9%和10.3%。
加大对实体经济、重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度，企业综合融资成本稳中有降，全年新增人民币贷款19.95万亿元，比上年多增3150亿元，大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增幅超过40%，企业贷款平均利率为4.61%，比上年下降0.1个百分点。
强化稳岗扩就业政策落实，扎实做好高校毕业生等重点群体就业工作，推进大众创业万众创新。
BEIJINGREVIEWNO.19MAY12,2022
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